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Published at November 7

MISGUIDE: Security-Aware Attack Analytics for Smart Grid Load Frequency Control

cs.CE

Released Date: November 7, 2024

Authors: Nur Imtiazul Haque, Prabin Mali, Mohammad Zakaria Haider, Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman, Sumit Paudyal

Arxiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.04731v1

SL.

No.

Notation

Description

Data

Type

\mathcal{B}

Set of all buses in the system

Set

\mathcal{B}^{\mathit{PV}}

Set of generator (PV) buses in the system

Set

\mathcal{B}^{\mathit{GV}}

Set of PV buses in the system that have governors

Set

\mathcal{B}^{\mathit{PQ}}

Set of all load (PQ) buses in the system

Set

\mathcal{B}^{S}

Slack bus of the system

Integer

\mathcal{G}

Set of all generators

Set

\mathcal{T}

Set of all timeslots for primary controllers’ response

Set

\mathcal{T}^{C}

Set of all timeslots for LFC’s response (

\mathcal{T}^{C}

\subset

\mathcal{T}

)

Set

\mathcal{P}^{\mathit{L}}_{b,t}

, (

\mathcal{P}^{\mathit{L,C}}_{b,t}

)

Load active power of b-the bus at time, t (load measurement perceived in the LFC)

Real

\mathcal{P}^{\mathit{G}}_{b,t}

, (

\mathcal{P}^{\mathit{G,C}}_{b,t}

)

Electrical power (active) output of the generator connected to the b-th bus at the time, t, i.e.,

b

\in

\mathcal{B}^{\mathit{PV}}

(LFC estimated active power measurement)

Real

\mathcal{P}^{\mathit{M}}_{b,t}

, (

\mathcal{P}^{\mathit{M,C}}_{b,t}

)

Mechanical power output of the generator connected to the b-th bus at time, t i.e.,

b

\in

\mathcal{B}^{\mathit{PV}}

(LFC estimated mechanical power measurement)

Real

\mathcal{P}^{\mathit{R}}_{b,t}

Reference active power (p.u.) of the generator connected to the b-th bus at the time, t (i.e.,

b

\in

\mathcal{B}^{\mathit{PV}}

)

Real

\delta_{b,t}

, (

\delta^{C}_{b,t}

)

Rotor angle of the generator connected to b-th bus at the time, t, i.e.,

\delta_{b,t}

\theta_{b,t}

and

b

\in

\mathcal{B}^{\mathit{PV}}

(LFC calculated phase angles)

Real

\omega_{b,t}

, (

\omega^{C}_{b,t}

)

Angular frequency (p.u.) of the generator connected to the b-th bus at the time, t, i.e.,

b

\in

\mathcal{B}^{\mathit{PV}}

(LFC perceived angular frequency measurement)

Real

\omega^{R}

Nominal angular frequency of all buses

Real

\mathbb{R}_{b}

Droop co-efficient of b-th bus

Real

\Delta T

Discretization time-step size of primary controller’s response time

Integer

\mathcal{T}_{b}

Time-constant of the generator connected to the b-th bus

Real

\mathbb{S}_{b1,b2}

Imaginary part of line admittance (siemens) in between bus

b1

and

b2

Real

\mathbb{H}_{b}

Inertia constant of the synchronous generator that is connected to the bus, b (i.e.,

b

\in

\mathcal{B}^{\mathit{PV}}

)

Real