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Published at December 5Towards Comprehensive Legislative Requirements for Cyber Physical Systems Testing in the European Union
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Released Date: December 5, 2024
Authors: Guillaume Nguyen1, Manon Knockaert, Michael Lognoul, Xavier Devroey
Aff.: 1University of Namur
| Domain | Example in the industry | Legal text (EU) | hEN | Standards |
| Health | Wireless medical devices presence is growing in hospital and operating rooms [63] | Regulation (EU) 2017/745 on medical devices [64] & Regulation (EU) 2016/746 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices [65] | Mandates 565, 575 & 575 Amd 1 | Yes |
|
Smart
Manufacturing |
Smart factories through industry 4.0 aim at increasing the efficiency of the product line either by reducing the costs or improving the flexibility of the resources by using interconnected devices, sensors and actuators [66] | Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 on machinery [4] | ||
| Transportation | Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) alongside with other technologies aiming at self-driving and connected cars [67] Multiple Assistance Systems for Civil Aviation are used for Conflict Detection and Resolution [68] | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 on type-approval requirements for motor vehicles and their trailers, and systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, as regards their general safety and the protection of vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users [4] & Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Union Aviation Safety Agency [4] | Mandates 578, 576, 570, 557, 546, 546 Amd 1, 591, 598 | Yes |
|
Process
Control |
Detection of chemical compounds for water pollution detection and communication with waste-water plants [69] | Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 laying down rules on the making available on the market of EU fertilizing products [4] | Mandate 564 | Yes |
| Defence | Upcoming of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) [70] | Regulation (EU) 2021/697 establishing the European Defence Fund [4] | ||
|
Building
Automation |
Connected devices to help monitor and control a house and support the residents [71] | Directive (EU) 2018/844 on the energy performance of buildings [4] | Mandates 549, 597, 599 & 480 (no longer active) | Yes |
|
Robotic
Services |
Unmanned aerial or ground vehicles (UAV, UGV) combined with other wireless sensors and data analysis technologies are used to increase the productivity of farming exploitations [72] | Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945 on unmanned aircraft systems and on third-country operators of unmanned aircraft systems [4] | Mandate 567 | Yes |
|
Critical
Infrastructure |
Transitioning from classical grid management tools to smarter ones to improve the efficiency of a grid [73] | Directive (EU) 2019/944 on common rules for the internal market for electricity [4] | Mandate 490 (no longer active) | Yes |
|
Emergency
Response |
Using human-computer interaction (HCI) and available surveillance system to increase the security within a smart city [74] | Regulation (EU) 2021/836 on a Union Civil Protection Mechanism [4] | ||
| Other | Ingenuity mars copter had to adapt itself to the aerodynamics of Mars to perform the first successful flight there [75] |